Mechanisms of Ethnic/Racial Differences in Lung Cancer Due to Cigarette Smoking Clinical and Biomarkers Core

1. One of the three targeted ethnic groups: 1)Japanese American - two parents of Japanese descent; 2) Non-Hispanic Whites - two parents of non-Hispanic white descent; 3) Native Hawaiians will include individuals with at least one parent of Hawaiian descent; 2. Smoke 5 cigarettes per day over the past three months; 3. \>21 years of age; 4. Consumes 14 or fewer drinks of alcohol per week; 5. Generally stable and good health (determined by review of medical history); 6. Able to provide written voluntary consent before performance of any study related procedure.

1. Current use of other nicotine containing products for \> 4 times per month (and no use of any nicotine-containing products except cigarettes for 2 weeks prior to their study visits); 2. Acute or uncontrolled medical or psychiatric conditions; 3. Currently taking any medications that affect relevant metabolic enzymes or anti- inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen (this will be reviewed by study investigators on a case-by-case basis); 4. Active infection (e.g., influenza, cold, respiratory infection, sinus infection) at the time of the visit; 5. Pregnant or nursing or planning on becoming pregnant during the study; 6. Unable to read and understand English.