Study of Erlotinib With or Without Investigational Drug (CS-7017) in Subjects With Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Inclusion Criteria: * Histologically or cytologically confirmed stage IIIB or IV NSCLC. * Recurrent disease (either no response to treatment or subsequent relapse after an objective response) that has progressed after first line therapy. * Measurable disease according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) Version 1.1 criteria. * ≥ 18 years of age. * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0, 1, or 2. * Adequate organ and bone marrow function. * Resolution of any toxic effects of prior therapy (except alopecia) to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE), Version 4.0 grade ≤ 1. * Agreement to use effective contraception while on treatment and for at least 3 months after end of treatment. Exclusion Criteria: * Treatment with anticancer therapy within 3 weeks before study treatment. * Therapeutic or palliative radiation therapy within 2 weeks or major surgery within 4 weeks before study treatment (except for radiotherapy for brain metastases). * Administration of other thiazolidinediones (TZDs) within 4 weeks before study treatment. * Current need for concomitant use of other TZDs during the study. * Uncontrolled infection requiring IV antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals, known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, or active hepatitis B or C infection at time of screening. * History of any of the following conditions within 6 months before initiating study treatment: diabetes mellitus requiring treatment with insulin or TZD agents; myocardial infarction with significant impairment of cardiac function; severe/unstable angina pectoris; coronary/peripheral artery bypass graft; New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV congestive heart failure; malabsorption syndrome, chronic diarrhea (lasting \> 4 weeks), inflammatory bowel disease, or partial bowel obstruction. * Pericardial or pleural effusion (eg, requiring drainage) or pericardial involvement with the tumor. Participants with minimal pleural effusion may be eligible upon request by Investigator and approval by Sponsor. * Pregnant or breast feeding. * Prior treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors.